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日本制成快检流感病毒装置
发表日期: 2015-03-03 作者: Sakurai A 文章来源:《科学公共图书馆综合卷》
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日本东京都医学综合研究所的一个研究小组发表报告说,他们开发出一种简易检测装置,能在发病12小时内迅速诊断人体是否患流感,其灵敏度比现有同类装置高多倍。

据这份发表在新一期美国在线科学杂志《科学公共图书馆综合卷》的报告介绍,目前对流感进行简易诊断多数是利用鼻咽拭取液来检查是否含病毒。原有的检查元件是利用抗体来捕捉病毒,但这种检测方式须等病毒在人体内增殖24小时后才能测出。

研究小组说,新开发的方法是利用带有荧光色素的抗体来捕捉病毒,即使是少量病毒也能发现。研究小组通过对200名流感患者进行测试,确认新技术能在患者发病12小时内就以97%的准确率测出病毒,整个检测过程最长只需约15分钟。由于它能较快发现病毒,医护人员因而能对患者迅速开展治疗。

研究小组表示,他们将争取使这一成果在下个冬季达到实用水平。如果该装置更换抗体的话,还可用于诊断致死率很高的禽流感、登革热和埃博拉等病毒。(来源:新华社 蓝建中

 

Fluorescent immunochromatography for rapid and sensitive typing of seasonal influenza viruses

 

Abstract  Lateral flow tests also known as Immunochromatography (IC) is an antigen-detection method conducted on a nitrocellulose membrane that can be completed in less than 20 min. IC has been used as an important rapid test for clinical diagnosis and surveillance of influenza viruses, but the IC sensitivity is relatively low (approximately 60%) and the limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 10³ pfu per reaction. Recently, we reported an improved IC assay using antibodies conjugated with fluorescent beads (fluorescent immunochromatography; FLIC) for subtyping H5 influenza viruses (FLIC-H5). Although the FLIC strip must be scanned using a fluorescent reader, the sensitivity (LOD) is significantly improved over that of conventional IC methods. In addition, the antibodies which are specific against the subtypes of influenza viruses cannot be available for the detection of other subtypes when the major antigenicity will be changed. In this study, we established the use of FLIC to type seasonal influenza A and B viruses (FLIC-AB). This method has improved sensitivity to 100-fold higher than that of conventional IC methods when we used several strains of influenza viruses. In addition, FLIC-AB demonstrated the ability to detect influenza type A and influenza type B viruses from clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity (Type A: sensitivity 98.7% (74/75), specificity 100% (54/54), Type B: sensitivity 100% (90/90), specificity 98.2% (54/55) in nasal swab samples) in comparison to the results of qRT-PCR. And furthermore, FLIC-AB performs better in the detection of early stage infection (under 13h) than other conventional IC methods. Our results provide new strategies to prevent the early-stage transmission of influenza viruses in humans during both seasonal outbreaks and pandemics.

 

原文链接:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4317186/


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