一项刊登在《精神药理学杂志》上的新研究指出，致幻蘑菇中的活性成分裸盖菇素能使80%的长期吸烟者戒烟。

《彭博资讯》报道称，现在市场上最有效的禁烟药物瓦伦尼克林在6个月内的成功率约为35%。但科学家指出，吸烟者最好不要急于借助用迷幻剂戒烟。科学家正在通过另一个认知行为治疗项目研究裸盖菇素治疗法为何能使如此多参与者成功戒烟。（来源：中国科学报 段融）

Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment

of tobacco addiction

Abstract  Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or pharmacological therapies (typically < 35%). Although the open-label design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of psilocybin, these findings suggest psilocybin may be a potentially efficacious adjunct to current smoking cessation treatment models. The present study illustrates a framework for future research on the efficacy and mechanisms of hallucinogen-facilitated treatment of addiction.

原文链接：http://jop.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/09/06/0269881114548296.full